Leadership issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership issues - Essay Example Today, the business world has become more competitive because of which basic leadership skills are important (Storey, 2013). A leader links the business stakeholders to one another as they play the major role in communication. This is why ineffective leadership can create many issues and problems for the organization; internally and externally. It is important to understand that leadership and management can be two entirely different concepts. Managers are the ones that authorize tasks to the employees who are in a lower position. Managers are usually at a higher position than leaders. Leaders are people among the employees who are appointed to lead a certain activity or event. In this competitive world, the skill required for a manager has to be inborn, while skills for leadership can be learnt with experience and practice. Leadership comes to play where management is not sufficient enough. Leadership without any issues can build, encourage and promote efficient organizational cultu re and success. Managers may not be leaders, but leaders are always managers as well (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). At many occasions, leadership can be problematic for the business. Leaders have responsibilities that have to be fulfilled if the business has to grow and prosper. Leadership issues may affect the employees, the stakeholders, the business activities and the customers directly or indirectly. Leadership is given to those people who are experienced and who can carry out the responsibilities efficiently without risking the business name and growth. Leadership issues can be many which will be assessed in this paper but it is important to know why leadership needs to be flawless. Efficient leadership leads to many consequences for the business. Effective leadership builds confident in the employees and subordinates. It is the leader’s job to motivate the employees and encourage them to work in teams and achieve their objectives. When the leaders support the employees, the y tend to be more productive and efficient. Leaders contribute in creating willingness among the employees to work hard and be productive. Efficient leaders also provide job satisfaction to the employees and team members. Leaders work in teams and their behavior and style effects the job satisfaction of the workers. A friendly and understanding leader would b able to manage the problems and employees efficiently. Activities can be organized if the leader understands his responsibilities and duties, employee morale will be increased at work, and coordination will bind the employees together towards one objective (Hackman & Johnson, 2009). Communication is seen as the most common problem among leaders and their subordinates in businesses. Efficient leaders ensure that they are carrying out effective communication to avoid issues. Ineffective communication can create many issues for the business internally and externally. Communication allows the employees to know and understand their jobs, the business strategies, goals and policies. Regular communication must take place through various modern methods of communication (Storey, 2013). Some businesses still use the traditional communication methods which can create issues and misunderstandings. Modern communication techniques include meetings, video calls, social networks, pagers, etc. Through communication, leaders can give prompt instructions and feedbacks to the employees. When leaders fail to communicate and respond to employee performances, issues tend to rise. Another issue is when

Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subhas Chandra Bose Essay Subhas Chandra Bose ( listen (help ·info); 23 January 1897 – unknown) also known as Netaji (Bengali/Oriya/Hindi): â€Å"Respected Leader†), was one of the most prominent Indian nationalist leaders who attempted to gain Indias independence from British rule by force during the waning years of World War II with the help of the Axis powers. Bose, who had been ousted from the Indian National Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command,[2] and subsequently placed under house arrest by the British, escaped from India in early 1941. 3] He turned to the Axis powers for help in gaining Indias independence by force. [4] With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army (INA), composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore by the Japanese. As the war turned against them, the Japanese came to support a number of countries to form provisional governments in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, and in addition, the Provisional Government of Azad Hind, presided by Bose. 4] Boses effort, however, was short lived; in 1945 the British army first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula, and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore. It was reported that Bose died soon thereafter from third degree burns received after attempting to escape in an overloaded Japanese plane which crashed in Taiwan,[5] which is disputed. 6] The trials of the INA soldiers at Red Fort, Delhi, in late 1945 caused huge public response in India. [7][8] Clement Attlee, the British Prime Minister during whose rule India became independent, mentioned that INA activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (which weakened the Indian Army – the very foundation of the British Empire in India) and the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in 1946[9][10][11][12] were major reasons that made the British realise that they were no longer in a position to rule India.

Market analysis of Sunfeast cookies

Market analysis of Sunfeast cookies The main objective of the report is to comply to the various marketing theories that has been prevailing in the market and get a proper understanding of the real market. With the help of the ITC Sunfeast various functions and strategies were being discussed and discussed in respect to policies and path they have followed since they have been a successful player in the market. The consumer insight is studied to get a sense of various needs, demands and mind set of them. This is done with the help of questioning people at different places so that there is a glimpse of their buying pattern. The people interviewed were from different places of Gurgaon. COMPANYS OVERVIEW ITC stands for Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited is an Indian Conglomerate whose market capitalization is of US $14 billion and turnover of over US $ 51 billion. ITC is a largest private cigarette company with a diversified portfolio which comprises of hotels and paperboards, packaging, agri- business, packaged foods, confectionary, branded apparels, greeting cards and FMCG products. ITC group is the latest diversed form of FOOD DIVISIONS. The entry in beverage market was just to implement a new strategical decision to increase the market values. The core values of company lies in understanding the customer needs, reinventing brands and to establish the expertise brand. ITCs aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested core competencies: unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabilities, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. SUNFEAST In July 2003, ITC entered in Biscuits market with the Sunfeast it was Glucose, Marie and cream biscuits. The brand connotes to happiness, contentment, satisfaction and pleasure since its mascot Sunny and slogan spread the smile. In 6 years Sunfeast has launched many new varieties and has it launched almost all types of biscuit categories. At that time, Britannia and Parle held. The rest too was firmly held by smaller players like Priya Gold which had a strong presence in the north.Things have lot changed after three year. The growth has been increased upto 12% and the overall pricing was Rs 4,000 crore ITCs Sunfeast is a different story to tell so far. The strategist looks at the game plan of a late entrant and how the biscuits industry has responded. MARKETING ENVIORMENT MACRO ENVIORMENT Developments and implementing marketing plans requires number of decisions. Making those decisions is both an art and science. To provide insight into and inspirations for marketing decision making, companies monitor customer needs and update themselves so that they can continuously adapt to the environment. In 2003 when ITC entered the market there was a organized sector of biscuits which was estimated to be 0.8 million tons with a value of Rs 45 billion and Britannia and Parle were the major competitors. But the company realized that urban India comprising 27% of the population accounts for 44% of biscuit composition that consumers are looking for innovation, variety and fun in the entire biscuit category which other biscuit companies lack. DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIORMENT Since India is diversified and demographically vivid, hence the need is therefore very different. So the company catered the need of every life cycle as there is a product for children and even for elders and also for older people. Hence there is something for everyone and by this ITC dominated the market completely. ECONOMIC ENVIORMENT The available purchasing power in an economy depends on current income, price, saving, debt and credit availability. The company realized the buying potential of the Indian market and accordingly price the biscuits in a way so that it does not push the consumer and the price corresponds to the price of the competitors. So this way the customers will have a value for money as in the same price they will have a new and a better product. Moreover the focus was on the urban population hence the price was not such a matter of importance as the people of this category has high purchasing power. SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIORNMENT The society shapes the beliefs, values and norms that largely define consumer tastes and preferences. People absorb, almost unconsciously, a world view that defines their relationship to themselves, to other, to other organizations and to society. So ITC launched a product which was in accordance with the beliefs of India as the ingredients contained in the product are those which were generally used by the people and moreover satisfied them and it was in also tune with the changing taste and preferences of the consumers. ENVIORNMENTAL ITCs operation result mainly concern on three areas: (a) release of greenhouse gases for global warming; (b) consumption of water, both from surface and sub-surface sources, Global Warming:strategy used by company to lower the global effect are (a)Lower the energy used by improving technology and implementing it with new products. (b) greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, through a large-scale forestry programme. Water Conservation: ITC is know about the fact that freshwater in the country is increasingly becoming a valuable resource given that India accounts for 18% of the worlds population but has only 4% of global freshwater resources. MICRO ENVIORNMENT ITCs employment practices are based on attracting and retaining talent only on merit. The Company leadership walking the talk and focusing on implementing the policy underlines the Companys approach to employment practices and creating a decent work environment. ITCs takes care of all human rights and employee satisfaction along with maintaining dignity. High standards of employment and EHS practices judge the Companys performance, help in the attraction and retention of quality talent, and enhance the equity of the Company as a responsible employer. The primary objective is to nurture a culture of meritocracy amongst a committed and enthusiastic workforce from diverse backgrounds. The organizational structure is as follows:- DISTRICT MANAGER REGIONAL BRANCH MANAGER BRANCH MANAGER ASSISTANT BRANCH MANAGER 3 CIRCLE INCHARGE (CITY, METRO UP COUNTRY) AREA EXECUTIVE SUPERVISOR SALES MAN MARKETING STRATEGY ITC is a nation company that is most valued because of its corporate culture. Chairman Y C Deveshwar considers the company as commitment beyond the market. The company seem to be committed with developing India and contributing in its own way not only to succeed in at a smaller level but making a difference at a global level in an international w STRATEGY With its one of its product which is Sunfeast the company is determined to give happiness, contentment, satisfaction and pleasure since its mascot is Sunny and slogan spread the smile which stood true to its name. The product Sunfeast was launched in the midst when the biscuit market in India was estimated to be about a value of Rs 45 billion and out of that Britannia and Parle held more than 80% of the organized sector in value terms. ITC therefore decided to enter the branded biscuits market with products that would reinforce the gratifying aspects of the brand as well as offer great taste and quality to customers. The ITC can be a classical example of study as a tobacco company who deals in various products can be successful in promoting in marketing biscuits? The core competencies on which ITC relies on the depth of distribution, brand building capability and ability of quality outsourcing which made it successful. Sunfeast which was launched in 2003 was one of its diversified arrays apart from a tobacco product leader to a FMCG player. IT has a well developed system of distribution which can only be compared only to HLL. As ITC was one company who has its intervene in all major fields so this establishes Sunfeast among all over India and as well outside India. The biscuit market is to be estimated about 4500-5000 crore with Parle and Britannia being the major players. The biscuit market has now moved to value added biscuits and key markets were U.P., Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. While the rural market prefers Glucose biscuits and Urban market is fond of cream biscuits. The establishment of brand was never easy as the market is already having lead biscuit companies which were satisfying the needs of people. Sunfeast monitored the market demand and carefully handled promotion and brand building which made the brand to gain 10% market share. The product was made exciting by launching a series of convenience goods, new tastes and flavours which lead to an interest in the brand. The company continued a series of launching of products like Milky magic, coconut, strawberry, pineapple, butterscotch and cream and it also entered the premium biscuit category with Dark Fantasy. Moreover market research revealed that consumers were looking for innovation, variety, and fun in all the biscuits cateogries. A mascot, Sunny was chosen to convey these aspects of ITCs biscuit brands. Initial offerings included the Sunfeast Glucose biscuits, targeting children and their mothers; Sunfeast Orange Marie, targeting housewives and families; and Sunfeast Orange cream, Butterscotch cream and Bourbon Cream, targeting children. Over the last few years, the Sunfeast range has expanded with the introduction of the Sunfeast Dark Fantasy range in the premium segment; the Sunfeast Milky Magic in the milk biscuit category; the Snacky in salted crackers and cookies category. In addition, ITC entered the nutritional biscuit segment with launch of Sachins Fit Kit- a range of healthy products co-created with the cricket icon. In 2007 the brand has a value of Rs 5 billion and is growing at 15% per year. CONSUMER ANALYSIS The analyses showed that majorly people consumed Biscuits and are not fond of having the Sunfeast Pastas. About 63% of people prefer having Sunfeast Marie and Sunfeast Dream Cream is being preferd by only 25% of the consumers. The products like Sunfeast Special, Sweet n Salt, and Golden Bakery are not that much appereciated as only 13% of people prefer them. In dream Cream Butterscotch, Orange and Burbon were equally appreciated. Classic Snacky was more liked as compared to Chilli flakes in Snacky brand. 90% people prefer having Marie lite over Orange Marie and the product is not just consumed by Old but almost people of every age group. In Golden Bakery choco nut was mostly liked while there was no intrest in the rest of the choices. Coconut and Butter were equally liked in Special cateogary. 63% prefer Sunfeast because of its Taste and Flavour while 25% likes them because of price, packaging, quality. People also appereciated it because of availability of large variety. It was also observed from the survey, that the products were regularly by the customers, most of them going for weekly and fortnightly purchase of the product. The major competitors for the product are Parle and Britannia which were even a threat when the product was launched. The brand loyalty seems to very weak as when consumers were asked that would they continue to consume Sunfeast even if other products were at a discount, the answer came as No. The people were specific in the categories but not with the brand Sunfeast. The television seems to be most effective form of advertisement as it spread awareness in almost every age group and was the major promotional tool. The brand was easily available to people and even remotest to smallest shops have Sunfeast for sale. The people seem to be assured of quality and said that they would recommend their friends and relatives the product.

Immorality In Television :: essays research papers

Vulgarity in TelevisionIn the early years of television people where much more sensitive to what was said and took offense to any form of obscene language. Even in the movies it was unacceptable. However, for many the standard for the use of vulgar language has expanded. In many shows on television vulgar words are used way to often. In many cases unnecessarily. These words do not bother me in the least. However, there are many parents with young children who are offended by this. This would not such a big deal if only the shows that carried these vulgarities would be shown later at night, as they where for many years. Also, most of the programs are not correctly rated to warn of there content.Besides using the basics of the swear words some programs take it to a different level. Instead of using the words themselves they use a form of slang in order to get around the censors. Although these words are not the same as the ones commonly used, they do share the same meaning. By having these programs use these words they are encouraging the children to use a new language that there parents do not understand. And because the parents do not understand the words the children then think it is all right to use profanity.Profanity in television is not so much a problem as it is an annoyance. It makes television more interesting to watch and can occasionally make a situation more humorous, but I do not enjoy it when a five-year-old calls their parents a-- holes to there face.Rating SystemRecently introduced to all the television shows is the new rating system. This system was implemented to warn about the kind of shows on television. The system tells whether the show is to mature for young children. However, does the system still have flaws? Although it does give an idea as to what the show contains, it does not tell as to the extent to which it is. An example would be the television show "Strangers with Candy." This program is extremely crude with little humor. Normally I enjoy crude humor, but this show is gross. It contains vulgarity, drug use, and sexually references. And to top it off the show is at 10:00. Shows like this should not be viewed any time. My point of bringing this up is to show how lose the system is.

Career Advancement: Work experience or Graduate School? Essay

One of the greatest accomplishments of a student is graduating from college. Graduation is a students’ climactic completion of their academic requirements and it signifies their emancipation from their scholarly life. More so, it indicates the start of their entry in the â€Å"real† world.   The question of what to do after graduation dominates the common thinking of every graduate. It seems like that the answer is apparent which is to work. However, several   graduates experience a dilemma on choosing what to do after graduation. Is it to work to gain professional experiences or attend graduate school to develop more their knowledge on a specific course in hope of securing a top-ranking and high paying job? This paper is intended to determine the better choice or the advancement of a newly graduate’s professional career between engaging in work right after graduation or going to graduate school to further one’s academic profile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To work or to obtain a job is usually the objective of any person pursuing an education. So it’s natural for students after they graduate that they look for jobs in order to   apply in the professional world what they have learned in school. By immediately working, newly graduates are given the opportunity to immerse themselves in the complex and hierarchical realm of workers. Since they are newly graduates, they start from the bottom and they have to work their way up the ladder in order to secure higher positions.   By having this experience, they can fully grasp the different dimensions of their job making them more proficient and sensible. Learning based on experiences is a powerful tool in honing one’s skills   and intellect because these are not textbook information that are available in bookstores or websites, these are actual events or situation that a person can encounter that can   help him/her become a better employee. More so, in an intra-office setting, promotion is purely based on experiences and accomplishments. For example, two employees are vying for a managerial position. Employee A is a recently graduate college student who has commendable scholastic records in business administration while employee B is a junior manager who has been working for five years. In this instance, employers would more likely promote employee B because he/she has already made a mark in the company while employee A is just starting and needs to prove a lot about his/her competencies as a worker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Meanwhile, going to graduate school poses also a great advantage for career advancement. As mentioned earlier, pursuit of education is mainly driven by the desire to have a nice and rewarding occupation. Having a higher education gives a graduate student more credibility as a professional.   Through graduate school, students are able to enhance knowledge and even becomes an expert on a particular field such as politics, economy, arts and others. Because of the fact the education and profession are interconnected. Employers have the tendency to judge an applicants based on their educational attainment. Because of this reality, students with masters or doctorate degrees gain more leverage in the corporate arena compared to those just college graduates. Their higher education gave them the free pass to acquire jobs that are not in entry level positions but more of executive or supervisory positions. This is a clear example of   education becoming an integral part of a person’s capability to perform as a learned individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I were to choose between the two, I would choose both because both can be accomplished simultaneously. By working and at the same time attending graduate school, it will give me a huge advantage in advancing my professional career. In comparison with those just working or taking up their masters or PhDs, I can reap the advantages of both by doing it at the same time. I can be able to gain work experience and at the same time intensify the cultivation of my knowledge and skills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, if its is not possible to do both, it is better to work rather than to take graduate studies for the advancement of one’s career. The opportunity to study is always there however employment possibilities are very volatile. There are instances wherein your skills and education are in demand but in just a snap of a finger, your competencies become a thing of the past. In this highly competitive world, it is very important to note that intellectual capacity is not the only thing that sets you for life, experiences and exposure to the real world also plays a major role in the road to professional success.

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Essay Example

The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Essay Example The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Paper The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Paper The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals by Lee Cuing When you exist in this life, how many times you ask yourself: if this happens, what should I do? . I bet it is countless. There are so many authors use the what ifs sentences in their articles, and the short story The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals by Lee Cuing is the one. If its rain this morning, I dont go to school. This is an example of what ifs sentence which usually presents the reasons for something happened. In the story The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals, Lee Cuing uses a series of what Ifs to presents the reasons for what happened in Meals. For example, she states: If the child were brought up Into the sunlight out of that vile place, If It were done, In that day and hour all, the prosperity and beauty and delight of Meals would wither and be destroyed. , and also If the child could be released, It would not get much good of its freedom: a little vague pleasure of warmth and food, no doubt, but little more. One other reason that makes The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals becomes unusual is the way Lee Cuing creates a very short what ifs sentence. For example, she states: If you cant lick me, join me. If it hurts, repeat it. , or If so, please add an orgy. If an orgy would help, dont hesitate. . This makes a very powerful impressed to the readers. When I read the first paragraph, it seems like Lee Cuing draws a beautiful picture in my mind: Meals, bright-towered by the sea. The rigging of the boats In harbor sparkled with flags. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of Reese, past great parks and public bulging . I can Imagine Meals look Like a village which Is full of (Lee 2) peace in a fairy tales, where princes and princesses came from. Ive never seen a picture like that in any essay. A normal essay usually is the form which authors use to show personal points of their view. But when I finish reading The Ones Who Walk Away From Meals, I dont see any Lee Guns opinions about why people decide to leave Meals. She only tells how the child is confined, how people believe in the story about the confining child, ND how people feel after they see the child, but they cant help. I have to find the reasons that make people leaving Meals myself, and not sure if others have the same thought with me. This is a little success of Lee Gull to make the reader think about her story again and again after closing the book. By the way telling the tragedy about a confining child In Meals, Lee Gull uses her Imagination to create a story contains a metaphor for why do people avoid responsibility and walk away without doing anything to help the suffering. She breaks all ten rules to write an essay. Real evidences, real examples, Ana real Images are required in a success essay, which gives a clear answer for every topic the authors want to talk about. Open by the Joyous and cheerful scene of the Summer Festival, and end with the image of people silently leave Meals. Two opposite pictures in one short story. Lee Cuing doesnt tell why people walk away from Meals, where they go, and what next. By the open-ending, the readers can draw their own conclusion, this is a big different from a normal essay.

Conflict Theory essays

Conflict Theory essays Conflict theory seems perhaps better suited to explain the contradictions in world trade and, even more profound, the differences that normally appear between developed and developing countries, especially in World Trade Organizations Ministerial Conferences, but also in general The tools and general trends that world trade operates with are liberalization and protectionism (protective measures). High import taxes and subsidies are among the most common protective measures and these have the role of protecting national producers against lower priced, more competitive products that may enter the country and may force the national The industrialized countries generally aim at imposing global lower import taxes on manufactured goods. This would ensure them better export capabilities to third world countries, given the fact that manufactured goods from developed countries are generally more competitive, because of higher prices. So, the only chance for national manufactured goods from third world countries would be a price advantage over Western goods. However, the price advantage is driven by the price level at which these goods are sold. The lower the import taxes, the lower the price that Western goods will be commercialized at and, as such, the lower the price advantage for manufactured goods n developing countries. The agricultural products are somewhat in a different situation. Many developing countries produce much cheaper goods, but this would tend to suffocate national producers in United States and the European Union, for example, because they would not be able to compete with cheaper grains, fruits, etc. As such, developed countries use either import taxes or export subsidies that will allow for lower price for the producers at which they will sell and will thus protect national farmers by ensuring they stay in business. Over these two d...

White Blood Cells essays

White Blood Cells essays Bacteria exist everywhere in the environment and have continuous access to the body through the mouth, nose and pores of skin. Further more, many cells age and die daily and their remains must be removed, this is where the white blood cell plays its role. According to this quotation, without white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, we would not be able to survive. White blood cells are our bodys number one defense against infections. They help keep us clean from foreign bacteria that enter our bodies. Statistics show that there are five to ten thousand white blood cells per micro liter of blood, however this number will increase during an illness. White blood cells can differ in many ways, such as, size, shape and staining traits. There are five different kinds of white blood cells that fall into two separate categories. One category is called, granular leukocytes, and the other is called agranular white cells. There are three different types of granular leukocytes. Neutrophil is a phagocyte, produced in the bone marrow that ingests and destroys bacteria extremely fast. Neutrophil has a diameter, which is, about ten to twelve micrometers long. They make up about 60-70 percent of the total number of white blood cells in our body. Eosinphil is a type of white blood cell that secretes poisonous materials in order to kill parasites, allergies and phagocytosis of bacteria, which is when the cell takes in materials to eliminate them or move them from where they were. They make up about 2-4 percent of the total number of white blood cells in our body. These white blood cells are similar to Neutrophil because they attack bacteria by the immune system. This particular group of white blood cells is extremely important in my body, because they are prominent at sites of allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. The nucleus of Eosinphil is made of two lobes, and implant ...

Sibling rivalry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sibling rivalry - Essay Example Such actions bring out feelings of mercy and pity on the part of Cinderella and hatred on the part of her stepsisters. Such opposite feelings can only come out effectively through a relationship that shows sibling rivalry between the children. Sibling rivalry usually takes the form of competition in terms of affections, character, and other issues that affect the daily lives of the children. In many occasions, sibling rivalry occurs in ways that make one side of the rivalry to portray good characters while the other side of the character displays negative characters. The side that portrays the negative characters is usually powerful and makes every effort to intimidate, frustrate, and punish the other part that shows good characters. However, the side the portrays good character eventually wins favor and succeeds in life while the other parties are punished by nature and they begin to live desperate lives. Cinderella’s story contains some aspects of sibling rivalry, which make s her stepsisters to regret their own actions as Cinderella succeeds in life. Cinderella must have stepsisters in the story in order to make her situation more traumatizing. The fact of somebody suffering in the hands of her sisters evokes feelings of hopelessness because it means that that the suffering will continue for quite a long time. Oppression that appears at home is usually more severe and disturbing than the kind of oppression that occurs due to strangers. Naturally, sisters are supposed to show kindness to fellow sisters or stepsisters. Therefore, Cinderella’s situation becomes very difficult since she has nowhere to turn after experiencing severe oppression at home. Using stepsisters as the agents of oppression creates a desperate feeling in the sense that the stepsisters had the support of their mother whereas Cinderella did not have a mother. In this manner, it becomes important to consider the fact that some of the issues that relate to the subject of sibling r ivalry must eventually relate to the matter of oppression. The role of the stepsisters in the story is to create the hostile atmosphere that makes the life of the main character unbearable. All the suffering that Cinderella experiences are connected to the actions of the stepsisters. Their lives are very different in the sense that the stepsisters live a happy and joyful life while Cinderella lives in pain, torture, and misery. Therefore, the stepsisters are used in this story to show the difference in the lives of the main characters and the origin of Cinderella’s difficult conditions. The result of this relationship is the manifestation of a range of difficulties that manifest themselves through matters of conscience and the difficulties in the relationship between the oppressors and the oppressed girl. Stepsisters are usually used in order to bring out the kind of malice and rivalry between the competing characters. Under usual circumstances, stepsisters may want to compet e with one another in a variety of ways. It is natural for stepfamilies to show such kind of rivalry and malicious intentions towards each other. However, such malice and conflict can acquire extreme dimensions when they are not carefully monitored and controlled. In the case of Cinderella, the level of malice and hatred exceeds normal

Principles of second language learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of second language learning - Essay Example A second language will always help you when you are traveling as you will not have problems in finding places and communication with people. It can help in a job as a person can communicate with another person who does not know the language you speak. Methods used for removing the wrong perceptions from the mind of students and then giving them a thorough understanding of the actual thing, so that they can have a better understanding of the concepts. Methods used for memorizing information and then retrieving it when needed, by breaking down words. For example breaking down the word ‘together’ into three parts ‘to’ ‘get’ ‘her’ to ease the learning process. Making a person think or showing him the meaning of different gestures to overcome his deficiencies in a language. Explaining the person what different gestures mean for different cultures and nations. I would implement this strategy, as leaning through this strategy is much easier and the students would have a better understanding of the words of the second language they are learning. For example when a word is broken down into smaller words it is easier to remember it. Another benefit is that the breaking down of the word helps the student learn the broken down words also as they usually do have a meaning. This learning style is simple and easy for a teacher to teach as well. A very important and good way to make people remember things is by showing them pictures, and this is a part of this learning strategy. This is the major reason of selecting this learning strategy as pictures are easier to memorize as compared to written material. This strategy is also useful to implement as people coming from different culture and norms who speak different language have different perceptions of the second language they are learning. Some times these perceptions are correct but a lot of perceptions are wrong as well.

Write a report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report - Essay Example Quality needs to go upstream because of the shared responsibility of every player in the supply chain. Deming’s TQM philosophy encompasses not just the visible aspects of the sales process but also the unseen tasks that contribute towards the quality of a product. The traditional method of quality control was laborious and unproductive because it slowed down output and was also very unreliable at getting rid off defective products. The new way of thinking is to locate defective products earlier in the supply chain, which saves valuable time and resources. Increasing quality upstream only works to a point. Quality needs to be located all throughout the supply except with an emphasis upstream. Rework can not only be expensive for a firm, but it can demoralize employees because their efforts are seen to go to waste. Communication between top management and workers is crucial to ensure that rework is only used when it is vital to the objectives of the organization. Crown Audio has recognized the effect that rework can have on employees, and so the company has attempted to make everyone throughout the organization focus on producing high quality products, and if products need to be reworked, then employees are informed about

Gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Gun control - Research Paper Example This law is, in effect, in many parts of the world. Even with the gun-control policy, gun ownership is still faced by many controversies and challenges. The Gun-control policy has a significant importance on the safety of people and ensuring that guns licensed are not used wrongly and addressing the challenges and controversies facing this policy will be imperative in meeting the objective of safety of individuals, societies and communities. The Gun Control Gun control is policies and laws that are designed to restrict gun ownership in a given jurisdiction. Most countries are concerned about the safety of the people. They license individuals to carry guns. Those licensed are supposed to use their guns for defense only. However, there are cases where the owners get false alarm and use their guns out of panic. At the same time, there are some people who feel they are secure enough and threaten other people using the gun they obtained (Hemenway 1). Some licensed gun holders may also use their guns inappropriately and for criminal purposes. This has made it a challenge for the gun-control policies and law makers. They do not know who to trust and who not to trust. The current regulations Any person in any country across the world has right to a licensed gun. However, there are regulations that come with this. ... Policy makers usually worry that a mentally ill person owing a gun can be disastrous to the society and have to ensure that applicants are sane. The third process involves providing reasons as to why the applicant would like to own a gun. In most countries, the applicant has to go the nearest police station for an interview. Once they provide all the reasons why they would like to own a gun, a police board evaluates the application. It is discussed by that board and decision made. It is important to note that the police have the right to disregard an applicant’s application without providing any reasons. If the police decide that the application is successful, the applicant has to prove that they know how to handle and use guns. If they do not know how to use, they have to enroll for a class on the same. The class may day a few days after which the applicant is provided with the gun and the permit. The newly licensed gun holder has to go through the requirements and conditions for using the gun (The New York Police Department 1). The terms and conditions for gun application and the process differ from country to country. They also differ in different parts of an individual country, especially countries that have a state system. This also differs if the applicant requires large guns for hunting or other purposes. The Gun Control Debate There has been a gun-control debate for the last decades. Of course, some support gun ownership while others do not. Most people apply for gun ownership for self-defense purposes. They claim that there are times they may be in danger, and guns may be important in protecting them. For example, a person could be walking down a dark alley at night only to come across criminals. If they

Criminal Conviction Rate in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Conviction Rate in England - Essay Example ter than 90% conviction rate and 85% negotiated pleas, it would appear that the English judicial system delivers justice at an acceptably speedy rate and therefore has fewer number of detainees on remand awaiting trial for an inordinate number of years. However, the judicial process still takes considerable time and questions arising over the denial of the right to trial within a reasonable time remain relevant. Strong criticisms on how the British government handles terrorism-related cases have been expressed in more recent times. For instance, in 2004, the British House of Lords took exception to the way the government took inordinately long periods of time to deal with terrorism cases2. According to data released by the Ministry of Justice, there has been a general decline in the rate of convictions over the past decade. This is deducible from figure1, which is a graphical representation of the conviction rate in England and Wales for the decade between 2002 and 2012. Figure 1 demonstrates that convictions were low in 2002 but dramatically increased to peak in 2004. Nonetheless, from 2004 to 2012 the convictions continued to decrease with a slight increase between 2008 and 2009 during the global financial crisis, but nevertheless continued on a downward trajectory thereafter, reaching the bottom at roughly 1.2 million convictions in 2012. Based on the figures delineated in Table 1, it appears that there was a statistically significant decline in the number of persons coming into contact with the judicial system for the years 2011 and 2012. These figures include prosecuted cases and control for cases that were settled out-of-court. For 2011, 2.03 persons came into contact with the judicial system which is 8.4% higher than the numbers for the year 2012. These statistics were drawn-off the 13 % fall in out of court settlements from 444,441 persons to 386, 95756, as well as the 7.1 % downfall from 1,583,373 to 1,471, 304 in the defendants proceeding to court

EU Reform Treaty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Reform Treaty - Essay Example Basically, the union of the said countries is formalized on the basis of different aspects. Even through a flag and a currency the member nations are considered as one. The flag being a circle of 12 gold stars set on a blue background and euro being the official currency.2 The European Union is continuously being guided by the agreements and consensus of the different member nations. Due to the type of operation of the organization it is often referred to as a 'negotiated order' or a permanent negotiation institute' which is based in one decision making process that is undertaken to resolve different issues being faced by the organization. It is basically a common notion that one of the agenda of the said organization is the determination of the guidelines regarding decision making and consensus along with the application.3 In a consolidated view, it can be perceived that a constitution can be of advantageous effect if development can be undertaken. The said notion has both advantages and disadvantages, thus, there are opposing ideas that have proponents and critics. The view and conviction of the different groups and parties are based on the different effect that can be observed in the member nations.4 The EU is composed of different key institutions such as the Council of Ministers, the European Commission and the European Parliament. These are composed of different duties and jobs. When an issue is needed to be resolved the different institutions have different contributing duty. One of the issues that had recently been the issue being faced by the EU is the Reform Treaty. The said treaty is related to the issues on the establishment of the constitution for the whole EU. Basically, due to the fact that the EU is voting on the issues, the results of the vote were incorporated to the EU Reform Treaty. Aside form the said issue, there are other issues that are incorporated.5 The Reform Treaty then, which is aimed to be the guidelines and the guiding principles of the EU. Due to the specification of the policies the contradictions are inevitable. The importance then of the role being placed by the leaders of the said organization is the welfare of not only a nation but the whole region that had entrusted leadership to the EU. The highlights of the Reform Treaty include a no far reaching European constitution. Basically, this can be attributed to the fact that there are different criticisms that are faced. The majority voted against the notion, suggesting the Reform Treaty which was considered as a more practical solution since the changes compared to the policies that are being used is more utilizable. The Reform Treaty of 2007 had been a controversial event since the outlook of the people is the optimization of the organization through a constitution which was initiated and in even applied in 2004, although it had been expressed as a Constitutional Treaty. Basically, the policies needed ratification but through the Reform Treaty of 2007, changes had been undertaken.6 Basically the issues related to the Reform Treaty can be considered encompassing on the different aspects of the needs in governance of the region. These include then terms in

Gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Gun control - Research Paper Example This law is, in effect, in many parts of the world. Even with the gun-control policy, gun ownership is still faced by many controversies and challenges. The Gun-control policy has a significant importance on the safety of people and ensuring that guns licensed are not used wrongly and addressing the challenges and controversies facing this policy will be imperative in meeting the objective of safety of individuals, societies and communities. The Gun Control Gun control is policies and laws that are designed to restrict gun ownership in a given jurisdiction. Most countries are concerned about the safety of the people. They license individuals to carry guns. Those licensed are supposed to use their guns for defense only. However, there are cases where the owners get false alarm and use their guns out of panic. At the same time, there are some people who feel they are secure enough and threaten other people using the gun they obtained (Hemenway 1). Some licensed gun holders may also use their guns inappropriately and for criminal purposes. This has made it a challenge for the gun-control policies and law makers. They do not know who to trust and who not to trust. The current regulations Any person in any country across the world has right to a licensed gun. However, there are regulations that come with this. ... Policy makers usually worry that a mentally ill person owing a gun can be disastrous to the society and have to ensure that applicants are sane. The third process involves providing reasons as to why the applicant would like to own a gun. In most countries, the applicant has to go the nearest police station for an interview. Once they provide all the reasons why they would like to own a gun, a police board evaluates the application. It is discussed by that board and decision made. It is important to note that the police have the right to disregard an applicant’s application without providing any reasons. If the police decide that the application is successful, the applicant has to prove that they know how to handle and use guns. If they do not know how to use, they have to enroll for a class on the same. The class may day a few days after which the applicant is provided with the gun and the permit. The newly licensed gun holder has to go through the requirements and conditions for using the gun (The New York Police Department 1). The terms and conditions for gun application and the process differ from country to country. They also differ in different parts of an individual country, especially countries that have a state system. This also differs if the applicant requires large guns for hunting or other purposes. The Gun Control Debate There has been a gun-control debate for the last decades. Of course, some support gun ownership while others do not. Most people apply for gun ownership for self-defense purposes. They claim that there are times they may be in danger, and guns may be important in protecting them. For example, a person could be walking down a dark alley at night only to come across criminals. If they

EU Reform Treaty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

EU Reform Treaty - Essay Example Basically, the union of the said countries is formalized on the basis of different aspects. Even through a flag and a currency the member nations are considered as one. The flag being a circle of 12 gold stars set on a blue background and euro being the official currency.2 The European Union is continuously being guided by the agreements and consensus of the different member nations. Due to the type of operation of the organization it is often referred to as a 'negotiated order' or a permanent negotiation institute' which is based in one decision making process that is undertaken to resolve different issues being faced by the organization. It is basically a common notion that one of the agenda of the said organization is the determination of the guidelines regarding decision making and consensus along with the application.3 In a consolidated view, it can be perceived that a constitution can be of advantageous effect if development can be undertaken. The said notion has both advantages and disadvantages, thus, there are opposing ideas that have proponents and critics. The view and conviction of the different groups and parties are based on the different effect that can be observed in the member nations.4 The EU is composed of different key institutions such as the Council of Ministers, the European Commission and the European Parliament. These are composed of different duties and jobs. When an issue is needed to be resolved the different institutions have different contributing duty. One of the issues that had recently been the issue being faced by the EU is the Reform Treaty. The said treaty is related to the issues on the establishment of the constitution for the whole EU. Basically, due to the fact that the EU is voting on the issues, the results of the vote were incorporated to the EU Reform Treaty. Aside form the said issue, there are other issues that are incorporated.5 The Reform Treaty then, which is aimed to be the guidelines and the guiding principles of the EU. Due to the specification of the policies the contradictions are inevitable. The importance then of the role being placed by the leaders of the said organization is the welfare of not only a nation but the whole region that had entrusted leadership to the EU. The highlights of the Reform Treaty include a no far reaching European constitution. Basically, this can be attributed to the fact that there are different criticisms that are faced. The majority voted against the notion, suggesting the Reform Treaty which was considered as a more practical solution since the changes compared to the policies that are being used is more utilizable. The Reform Treaty of 2007 had been a controversial event since the outlook of the people is the optimization of the organization through a constitution which was initiated and in even applied in 2004, although it had been expressed as a Constitutional Treaty. Basically, the policies needed ratification but through the Reform Treaty of 2007, changes had been undertaken.6 Basically the issues related to the Reform Treaty can be considered encompassing on the different aspects of the needs in governance of the region. These include then terms in

The Mendelssohn Concerto in E Minor Essay Example for Free

The Mendelssohn Concerto in E Minor Essay â€Å"I would like to compose a violin concerto for next winter. One in E minor keeps running through my head, and the opening gives me no peace,† German composer Felix Mendelssohn wrote to his friend, violinist Ferdinand David, in 1838. Mendelssohn would seek to collaborate on his last orchestral work with David, revising it painstakingly until its premiere in Leipzig in 1845. The first movement of Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto in E Minor, Op. 4, is considered a staple of the violin repertoire and an example piece of the romantic period. While Mendelssohn is widely recognized as a romantic who remained loyal mainly to traditional, classical forms, the technical demands of the soloist, the novel placement and qualities of the cadenza, and the features of the overall form illustrate both the novelty of the concerto and why it served as an example for later composers. The concerto is credited with being challenging but manageable in its technical demands of the soloist. While it contains many intricate techniques, it â€Å"plays well under the fingers,† undoubtedly because of Ferdinand David’s input. Because of this, it is widely used by violin instructors to introduce concerti to students. Its place as an introductory learning tool is held by Mendelssohn’s frequent use of octaves (rehearsal B and K) to lead the player to arrival points such as the high â€Å"B† after rehearsal B, seen in Example 1. Example 1: Varied use of octaves surrounding rehearsal B. The Classical style to which Mendelssohn remained loyal is characterized in technique by his use of ricochet bowing, first developed by Niccolo Paganini, in the chord section immediately following the cadenza after rehearsal letter O. While many of his strategies were common in the concerto’s time (including accent and tenuto articulations and virtuosic melodic lines), Mendelssohn departs from tradition in his treatment of the ricochet bowing technique. It is used to accompany an orchestra that reintroduces the theme after the cadenza; this is a reversal of the traditional role of having the soloist recapitulate the main idea. The Mendelssohn concerto is also novel in its treatment of the cadenza. The series of arpeggios in the ricochet bowing style before rehearsal P (or number 13) can be considered an extension of the traditional Classical cadenza played only by the soloist because these are continued after the orchestra re-enters (see Example 2). Example 2: The orchestra re-enters at rehearsal 13 as the soloist accompanies. Example 2: The orchestra re-enters at rehearsal 13 as the soloist accompanies. In the classical form, such as that used by Mozart in the first movement of his Violin Concerto in A major, KV 219, the cadenza is considered an entirely separate section from the orchestra. Also novel for the concerto’s time is Mendelssohn’s placement of the cadenza between the development and recapitulation sections, as opposed to its usual place at the end of the movement. Placement at the end can be found in Mozart’s concerto, as well as in the first movement of the Paganini Violin Concerto No. 1 (closed by only a short orchestra section). Another difference from the compositions of Mendelssohn’s predecessors and contemporaries is the fact that, in his careful editing, Mendelssohn wrote out the entire cadenza for the soloist; many classical composers intended for improvisation to be involved, either in keeping with their ideas or as completely new ideas. This tradition can be seen in the first movement of Beethoven’s Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 1; a cadenza later written by Fritz Kreisler is one of the most commonly performed for Beethoven’s first movement. Other formal features promote the concerto’s position as novel for its time. As a contrast to the traditional â€Å"double exposition† classical model, the violin enters at the start with a soaring melody after just two measures of orchestral introduction. The classical model normally contains a full exposition, with the orchestra introducing the main themes before the soloist enters. In effect, the orchestra and the soloist perform two separate expositions. Although the three movements of the concerto are written in the standard fast-slow-fast structure, distinctive from tradition was Mendelssohn’s decision to create a through-composed form, in which the three movements are connected, or played attacca. At the end of the first movement and into the second, the bassoon’s held note serves as a link between the two, a simple transition to a lyrical second movement. The technical and formal features of the violin concerto, as compared to Mendelssohn’s education in the classical form, illustrate that the work was innovative for its time. Mendelssohn’s collaboration with Ferdinand David demonstrates the work’s attention to technical detail. Mendelssohn’s careful editing is illustrated by the complete composition of the cadenza, as opposed to one intended for improvisation. The first movement’s novelty in technique and form also serves as an example as to why Mendelssohn was as inspiration to later composers such as Joseph Joachim and William Sterndale Bennett.

Theories of Social Work in Practice

Theories of Social Work in Practice Social work as a practice was not defined as a profession until the early 20th century even in other countries there are different ideas as to what a social worker is; for example in some developing countries what in the United Kingdom as a youth worker is seen as a social worker. In England a probation officer does not need to be a qualified social worker whereas in Scotland it is necessary for the individual to be qualified. In Scotland social workers are registered with the Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC) and have to abide by their professional code of conduct, which is important as a national guideline due to social work being such a diverse area. It is important for social work to abide by these guidelines but also to use theories that are of relevance to inform their practice. Social work theory throughout the years has continued to be an important part of social work practice. The purpose of this assignment is to critically discuss and analyse the relevance to two of these theories into practice using the ODonnell family. The two theories this assignment will look at is the attachment theory, Eriksons eight stages of man and also to look at anti oppressive practice. It is important to look at these different types of theories as they are all important dynamics that are necessary for social workers to understand the society, individuals and politically and socially influenced world in which they have to work in. An example of a mid range theory is the theory of attachment, the first theory of attachment was written by John Bowlby; Bowlby believed that the attachment between mother and infant was important to the childs future development. Bowlby also believed in four characteristics of attachment: proximity management, safe haven, secure base and separation distress. If a child suffers separation from their primary carer (their mother) then this may manifest into social problems later in life however if the child has unpredictable contact with their mother then it will have insecure attachment. Bowlby later looked at attachment throughout different ages and stages of development, to understand how a person that losses or is separated from an individual they had developed an attachment with would be affected. It has been identified that attachment behaviour is inbuilt as it can be triggered if a child is scared or frightened. If a child feels loved and valued by their primary caregiver it is highly likely that the child will develop a good level of self-esteem and perhaps may be more confident and independent in later life due to a feeling of belonging and acceptance. However should a child feel they are rejected or neglected by their primary caregiver it is like they may feel unwanted and unlovable. The positive example of attachment would allow the child to develop a trusting bond which would not be the case with the negative attachment example. This relates to Eriksons eight stages of man; this is an infants stage of psychosocial development which has two paths a child can take depending on the care they receive trust versus mistrust is established. This theory of attachment was developed further by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s in her study Strange Situations based on observing children aged twelve to eighteen months, she described three types of attachment that she discovered during her studies these were; secure, ambivalent and avoidant attachment. Secure attachment is seen as the most preferred and beneficial to a childs positive development; the care given by the primary caregiver would be attentive and provide a solid base for the child to progress emotionally, socially and intellectually. Ambivalent attachment tends to occur when the primary carer is unreliable and unstable this would be classed as emotional neglect which may leave the child unsure of their place within the family which may result in the child displaying distressing or anxious behaviour. Children who are victims of this type of behaviour may be very attention seeking in order to gain the focus of those around them that they do not get at home. A child howev er that is a victim of avoidant attachment would perhaps be less likely to show their true feelings or talk about them as they are afraid of those they are close to leaving them. The childs lack of emotional response would possibly be because the primary caregiver in these cases will perhaps show more care and attention when the child is content however if the child shows visible signs of distress or need they will pull away from them. In some cases children exposed to avoidant care givers may take drugs or alcohol to cope with their fear of rejection from others. This attachment theory was even further developed by Main and Solomon in the 1980s they outlined a further type of attachment called disorganised attachment or insecure attachment, a childs primary caregiver in this stage is confusing to the child. Children who are subject to these varying behaviours tend to fear the loss of that attention even though they are given the attention they require. A child who has been unable to have a secure attachment, for example through abuse, fostering or adoption, is more likely to have problems in future with their relationships with others or suffer emotionally. Attachment theory has been used in social work to work with children and families and has more recently become part of mental health practice. It is important to acknowledge in social work how a persons past in terms of the family unit they were brought up in and the level of care they received can affect them in the present; also how the individuals past experiences can affect their own children. However it is also important for social workers to look other theories as well to help inform their practice and not focus on a singular theory. This theory is also a past orientated theory as it looks at how the past effects the present. In relation to the ODonnell family Kate would appear to have been a victim of avoidant attachment due to being left by her mother and taken into care at an early age. Because of her past she may be fearful of her children rejecting her as her self esteem would have been affected due to being in and out of care homes. This difficulty in attaining meaningful attachments may also have contributed to her being a lone parent and Kate is repeating history with her own children as they are developing a meaningful attachment with her friend Frances. It is also significantly appropriate to examine how this is affecting Kates children and how this may manifest later if intervention is not made by social workers to bring a closer bond to the primary carer. A further mid range theory that was touched upon in a previous passage was established by a psychosocial psychologist by the name of Erik Erikson. Eriksons theory was loosely based around Freuds past works however it was developed into what is called Eriksons Eight Stages of Man. According to Erikson at certain ages throughout a persons life they will go down one of two developmental paths, however it is necessary for those using this theory that it is not simply one path or the other. Erikson acknowledged the fact that although a person should go down the The eight stages are Trust versus Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame, Doubt, Initiative versus Guilt, Industry versus Inferiority, Identity versus Identity Confusion, Intimacy versus Isolation, Generativity versus Self-Absorption, and finally the last stage Integrity versus Despair. The first stage takes place in infancy this is when a child is most vulnerable as they rely entirely on their care givers; if the child comes to know that they can rely on their primary caregiver as the care giver is continuously there for them then they will develop to trust more than a child whom is ignored or has unreliable caregivers and develops mistrust. Each oof these stages has an impact on the next stage of development and therefore it is detrimental to producing a balanced human being that the child passes through with more positive experiences of emotional development than negative. In the second stage autonomy versus shame this takes place when a child is around the ages of one to four the third stage initiative versus guilt takes place between the ages of four and six, if a child has in stage four the child between the ages of six to twelve industry versus inferiority In stage five identity versus role confusion this takes place in adolescence generally between the ages of twelve and twenty; at this age an up and coming adult is most likely to be at the peak of peer pressure and will be discovering who they are both as a person and sexually. This can be a very hard time for individuals but with a good base they will be likely to find who they are with easae however it is possible that they will become confused for example the loss of a father figure for a boy may result in that person being unable to undersand why the Eriksons eight stages of man have been criticized due to the fact that it was based ona study of men, it can be seen as a rigid document and does not take into account individual factors. For example an individual whom has a severe learning disability and perhaps has been psychologically examined to be at a mental age of five will not suffer from the complexities of stage five although that may be their corresponding age with Erikson s chart. Although this criticism should be kept in mind, Eriksons stages of man can be a useful tool as a guideline for use in social work. Although Eriksons model may seem very black and white it is important to remember that during each stage of development in order to have a healthy perspective in life, it is important in each stage that the strongest is the positive from the scale, there must be some level of negative development; for example a little bit of mistrust is healthy as to trust naively would eventually result in a individual putting themselves in danger. Trust versus Mistrust takes place during infancy; the route in which the infants personality takes depends on the parent to provide those needs that the infant cannot satisfy itself. If the mother does not take care of her child through neglect the infant will not develop basic trust and will take a negative step on the psychosocial scale. Autonomy versus Shame, Doubt takes place during early childhood, starting in a childs second year of life, once again children are reliant on their parents to support them during this stage. This is when a toddler tries to become an individual. If the childs vulnerability does not get the necessary support from the care givers then they will develop a sense of shame and doubt. Initiative versus Guilt takes place also during childhood normally developing during the ages of four and five; this is where a child tries to establish their own boundaries as they try to establish their identity In stage four, Industry versus Inferiority, taking place up until puberty, this is when a child tries to be recognized for their achievements, for example at school for doing a project, however if they do not get this desired recognition and feeling of achievement then it can result on them developing a feeling of inferiority, inadequacy. Parents still play an important role in this stage however as it takes place primarily at school, teachers are important. Stage five, identity versus identity confusion takes place during adolescence this is when the individual try to find a sense of themselves, this Stage six, intimacy versus isolation is the first stage to take place during adulthood, intimacy with other human beings can only happen when identity is established. The intimacy can be with a friend or a lover it involves merging personalities with others. It is important for an individual to have this intimacy otherwise it can result in them being alone and withdrawn. Stage seven, Ge nerativity versus stagnation, this is the second stage an individual goes through in adulthood, people who are generative are productive, tolerant and able to care for others and themselves equally. It is not always expressed through parenthood sometimes it can be through being a teacher. Those who are unable to develop in this stage result in a feeling of being stuck as they are unable to care for other people properly. The eighth stage is integrity versus despair, this takes place during old age, an individual in this stage establishes integrity being satisfied with their life and believing it was important and had a purpose. The person who reflects on life positively, according to Erikson, have an acceptance of death. However, a person who reflects on their life, feeling full of regret of their past it is also shown through a report to researchers that those who were more feeble through their bodys degeneration felt as though they had little control (Geppert Halisch, 2001) and t herefore despair would occur as they were not as willing to accept death. (Cloninger, 2008). Eriksons theory of psychosocial development was based on clinical evidence there has been further research into this work specifically in the adolescent stage of identity versus identity confusion. This research was accomplished by James Marcia whom

Scarface :: essays research papers

The topic of my presentation is why everyone should watch the movie scarface, and if you have already seen it to watch it again, This movie was directed by Brian De Palma,and written by Oliver Stone (produced-alexander, produced joy luck club) "Scareface"came out in 1983, and feature's Al Pacino as Tony Montana, Michelle Phifer as Elvira, and Steven Bauer as Manny Ray, The story is about a Cuban refugee who makes his way over to Miami,Florida Tony starts out as a dishwasher and hitman, who proceeds to enter into a life of cocaine dealing and organized crime. He then become one of the biggest drug dealers in Florida. The story has a rags to riches theme and is known for graphic violence. This is an action/drama with many indepth plot twists and an incredulous amount of profanity. The movie mostly portrays Scarface in thrid person view, which means the audience learns about the charactor Scarface through his actions and behaviors. The film is not only at great movie, but a cultural icon to some people. Scarface had a tremendous impact on the genre of rap music, and has inspired many rappers and producers to create songs. The premise of this film was actually adapted from the novel "scareface"by Armitage Trail. A Previse movie entitled, "Scareface, the Shame of the Nation" was made in 1932 ,directed by howard hawks and produced by Howard Hughes, which depicts gang-warfare, polictical coruption, and police un-involvment. The main charactor "Tony" was based loosely upon the real ganstar Al Capone, who actually loved the movie. I have seen both movie's and The 1983 "scarface" packs such a influencal punch of knowledge through the actions and life of Pacino as Tony Mantana. This film is known for having interesting quotes; Some notable quotes are= "Say hello to my little friend." "All I have in this world is my balls and my word and I don't break them for no one.

Electronic Portfolio’s :: Essays Papers

Electronic Portfolio’s Electronic portfolios or E-folios for short are becoming essential tools, not only for the technology industry, but also for students, job-seekers, and even employers. E-folio’s are a great way to express literally anything that you want. This is the reason why e-folios are so unique and mainly why they have the ability to be so versatile. But, what exactly is an e-folio, and how is it created? I will go over these questions and why e-folios should be used whenever possible. Electronic portfolios are selective and purposeful collections of work, designed to showcase knowledge, skills, achievement, and growth over time (Casey). They are made available on the World Wide Web for easy access. These portfolios tend to focus on the creator’s previous work and their own reflections of each piece. The purpose of an e-folio is basically to provide documentation and credibility to the creator’s abilities (Ramey). Electronic portfolios represent a learning history as well as a reference of the creator’s capabilities (Casey). The first step in creating an e-folio is figuring out what needs to be included (Moody). Although, you can add anything to an e-folio, keep the same theme throughout. For example, you’re not going to want obscene college pictures floating around your e-folio if you are trying to make it apart of your job resume. What is the best way to organize an e-folio? Sandy Boyd of the Instructional Program at the University of Houston says, â€Å"There is no single correct answer,† (Boyd). The second step is just that, trying to figure out what type of e-folio creator you are. If you are a job candidate with no prior job experience, then your e-folio should highlight skills learned in college, training received for the particular job, and any internships or co-op experiences (Moody). Also, any communication skills or significant social responsibilities that stand out would be more than relevant for your e-folio (Moody). If you are an experienced job candidate, th en your e-folio should emphasize previous job training, performances and experiences (Moody). Any licensures, certifications, as well as, previous job projects should definitely be included (Moody).

Strawberries: Poetry and Essay Christopher Callaghan

Strawberries – Critical Essay Christopher Callaghan 12th September 2012 â€Å"Strawberries† by Edwin Morgan is a loving poem, which explores the wonders of human emotions such as love, lust and fear. The poet’s purpose in writing this piece was to educate the reader and to evoke emotions with poetic techniques. Morgan uses some extremely effective metaphors in this poem to describe his relationship with his partner: â€Å"We dipped them in sugar, looking at each other. † The sugar signifies that there is something artificial about the relationship, that it needs sweetened. Looking at each other† signifies how confident and at ease they are around each other. This lets the reader know that this is a real relationship which has matured through time. The poet also uses sentence structure to show how memories fade through time, the further the reader goes through the poem, the shorter each stanza gets. This shows that the poet wanted to write the memory down before he forgot it. The writer also uses very clever word choice to enhance the reader’s understanding of the situation: â€Å"With the two forks crossed. † This hints to the reader that the poem is in fact about two men.Morgan couldn’t obviously point this out as at the time it was written, homosexuality was illegal. This lets the reader know difficult it must have been for someone not being allowed to express their love without the fear of persecution. I think that it is wrong to force someone to hide their love, no matter what form. In conclusion, â€Å"Strawberries† is a loving, thought provoking poem which shows that there is nothing sinful about love. Morgan uses effective poetry techniques such as sentence structure and metaphors to show that any form of love is still love.

The “math wars”

Aside from the requisites of drug manufacturing, a drug company must also have the knowledge on the legal aspect of the pharmaceutical business. A company must be able to know what agencies of the government he has to seek advice from before it undergoes the manufacturing process in order to have a good start.Relative to this, the company needs to know which regulates the safety and efficacy of the drugs to be manufactured and which agency protects the rights of the manufacturer and the consumers against illicit drugs.This paper will discuss the basic responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Agency including the approval process of manufacturing a generic drug copy. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is generally responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs for human and veterinary use.FDA’s 1mission statement specifically states that the administration â€Å"is res ponsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. † This will then give us the idea why FDA need to regulate drugs, and that is to ensure that they are safe and effective. The administration is also held responsible for ensuring that the drugs have information that is honest and accurate for the general public to use.The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (Drug Enforcement Administration for the United States) is primarily responsible for the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Laws and Regulations. In the United States, DEA is under the wing of the Department of Justice, where it serves as an arm of the justice against the 2those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illi cit traffic in the United States. The DEA’s drugs of concern include: Cocaine, marijuana, heroin, inhalants, LSD, Ecstasy, Steroids, Oxycontin and Methamphetamine.The following list of specific responsibilities is adopted by this writer from the DEA’s official website: >Investigation and preparation for the prosecution of major violators of controlled substance laws operating at interstate and international levels. >Investigation and preparation for prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate violence in our communities and terrorize citizens through fear and intimidation. >Management of a national drug intelligence program in cooperation with federal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information.>Seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intended to be used for illicit drug trafficking. >Enforcement of the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as they pertain to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legally produced controlled substances. >Coordination and cooperation with federal, state and local law enforcement officials on mutual drug enforcement efforts and enhancement of such efforts through exploitation of potential interstate and international investigations beyond local or limited federal jurisdictions and resources.>Coordination and cooperation with federal, state, and local agencies, and with foreign governments, in programs designed to reduce the availability of illicit abuse-type drugs on the United States market through nonenforcement methods such as crop eradication, crop substitution, and training of foreign officials. >Responsibility, under the policy guidance of the Secretary of State and U. S. Ambassadors, for all programs associated with drug law enforcement counterparts in foreign countries.>Liaison with the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relating to international drug control programs. DEA’S PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS Drug Enforcement Agency also updates its programs and operations according to the demand of technology and the development of new methods of illicit drug operations. Recent report published in the KT4 Online alerted the public on the emergence of illegal websites that are bringing prescription drugs out into the market (KT4 Online, August 24, 2007).The DEA reported that such websites are able to market their products using just credit cards as payment modes. The agency now referred the so-called â€Å"rogue pharmacies† to the congress for the legislation of a more formidable law for such illegal and dangerous activities, which are regulated because such companies do not meet the standards set by the United States. Even medicinal or herbal plants that are not yet studied or regulated under the law is also under the responsibility of the DEA to study and made research relative to its danger in the human health.In Utah, a native plant called salvia divinorium, has been put into attention by the Hill Air Force Base which according to initial findings can cause hallucinations. In the report published in the Salt Lake Tribune, â€Å"magic mint† as its street name, is ingested or inhaled usually by the members of the military and the people inside the base (Salt Lake Tribune, August 20, 2007). The herbal plant is still legal as it is still under research by the DEA. Experts also say that the plant that grows in the wilds of Utah can cause lung irritation when its dried leaves are inhaled.LAWS AND POLICIES GOVERNING GENERIC DRUGS The regulations pertaining to generics drugs are under the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration. Under the law, pharmaceutical companies or drug manufacturers have all the right to apply for a generic copy of their branded drugs. It can also be that a manufacturer seeks for a license from the brand name company to make a generic copy of the branded product . A generic copy of the drug is called â€Å"authorized generics† because the branded product manufacturer had given the authority to the manufacturer of the generic drug copy.However, these generic copied have to undergo the legal process that is regulated by the FDA. It is the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Waxman-Hatch Act, which is being used as a legal basis for FDA for regulating generic drug copies. â€Å"Since the law was enacted over 23 years ago, the number of generic manufacturers and number of generic drug products on the market have expanded exponentially† (Coster, John M. 2007). The law allows a generic drug that is a generic copy of the pioneer drug to be approved by FDA to be marketed by the same company.This is even without the submission of the usual New Drug Application (NDA) that is submitted in full when a branded product is being applied for marketing. The NDA is usually a time-consuming and expensive clinical trials required to be done by the drug manufacturer in order to comply with the safety and efficacy standards required of them. With the Waxman-Hatch Act, NDA is being replaced with the submission of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) provided that the generic copy has demonstrated the fact that it is bioequivalent to the pioneer drug (J.Coster, The Pharmacist, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2007). This process allows the generic copy to be approved for marketing the easier and faster way because it does not to prove its safety and effectiveness through trials since the pioneer drug had already proven such. For the ANDA of the generic drug to be approved, its pioneer drug must have the four required certifications: (1) that no patent is listed for the pioneer drug; (2) that the patent has expired; (3) the date on which the patent will expire; or (4) that the patent is invalid or not infringed.Such information is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book, a reference for t he pharmacists in determining the interchangeability of the drugs. Just recently, the Waxman-Hatch Act has been replaced with 3McCain-Schumer Act, after its authors Senators John McCain and Charles E. Schumer. The main feature of the new act is the changing of the 180-day exclusivity term of the first generic drug copy to only the 30-day term. Exclusivity, in the old law is granted for the manufacturer of the generic drug to market the product exclusively within 180 days that is for the manufacturer who first secured the FDA’s approval of the generic copy.With the new law, exclusivity term is shortened for the purpose of further price reduction of the generic drugs as competition is encouraged after the 30-day term. It is estimated, according to Schumer’s study that the new law will enable consumers to save 60% of their usual expense when buying branded drugs and that will give consumers a total of $71 billion savings in 10 years (Bash, Dana, CNN Online, May 01, 2001). Schumer cited Claritin, a prescription allergy drug as example which costs an average of $63. 65 while its generic equivalent will only cost $25. 46.Generally, the new law is of great help for the Americans in terms of their medical expenditures. CONCLUSION By looking into the basic responsibilities and functions of the FDA and DEA, we were able to have an idea of the basic legal aspect of drug manufacturing and marketing. Also by having an overview of the laws governing generic copy manufacturing, we were able to have the basic knowledge of how the approval process rolls. In general we can conclude that the legal process of drug manufacturing and marketing is really a long and expensive process for the companies especially for the branded or patented drugs.However with the Schumer-McCain Act, the process is shortened and had benefited especially the consumers for enabling the cheaper version of their branded medicine to be marketed. REFERENCES 1FDAs Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/opacom/morechoices/mission. html 2DEA Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. usdoj. gov/dea/agency/mission. htm 3Senate Passes Ground-Breaking Schumer-McCain Generic Drug Bill (Press Release). July 31, 2002. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://schumer. senate. gov/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR01124.html Bash, Dana. McCain, Schumer introduce generic drug bill. CNN Online. May 01, 2001. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://archives. cnn. com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/05/01/senate. genericdrugs/index. html Coster, John M. The Waxman-Hatch Generic Drug Law: 23 Years Later. The Pharmacist. June 19, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 6 Griffith, Christopher, et. al. (2002). View from Washington: Senate approves changes in generic-drug approval. Leydig, Voit Mayer, Ltd. Report. October 2002. Volume 3 Issue 4 Colonel bans use of ‘magic mint' herb. Salt Lake Tribune. August 20, 2007. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http ://www.sltrib. com/News/ci_6668009 Federal Authorities Warn Against Online Rogue Pharmacies. KT4 Online. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. ktiv. com/News/index. php? ID=16295 What FDA Regulates. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/comments/regs. html There has always been a debate on whether the mathematics be taught should be the old basics or the standards reformed mathematics. Basic mathematics primarily comprises arithmetic and computation. This is just simple mathematics which involves solving simple equation and memorizing formulas.Basic mathematic also comprises the following list t o f items. There is the accurate counting to 100 or more, mastery of basic facts for all four operations, pencil and paper computation skills with hole numbers, decimals and fractions and solving percent problems. Other aspect includes the knowing and using formulas for area and perimeter of basic shapes. Though the above list is a bit simplified its basic position i s that kids only get to know some basic stuff. Basic mathematics can also be referred to as trivial pursuit mathematics meaning that children are to know the content not the practicability (John, 1999).On the other hand reform mathematics has higher level of difficulty and has set five goals. These are that students should value mathematics, be confident in the ability to do mathematics and become mathematics problem solvers. They should as well be able to communicate well mathematically and learn to reason mathematically. It involves the four basic process standards which are problem solving, communication, reasoning, and connections. It entails gearing the children to develop the ability to think than just memorizing the mathematics concepts.Those who believe in the reform mathematics talk about mathematical power, the ability to reason and solve unique problems (John, 1999). It is important to note that even if the two approaches appear to differ there are some things they share in. Benefits and demerits of basics Basic mathematics requires teacher centered approach which involves teaching the mathematics through drill and practice. However in this way the children can end up not being intrinsically motivated. This prevents them from learning mathematics facts and how to connect to the real world.Furthermore the approach is essentially teacher directed, and structured only for basic skills instructions. This approach comes with advantages and disadvantages as far as basic mathematics teaching is concerned. One of the advantages is that, it is clear that for learning to be effective there must be a knowledge source and this is what the teacher act as. The teachers have attained their unifications and expertise from colleges and universities to become experts in their fields. In this reasoning it’s convenient to involve to someone who is already an expertise in the field to impart that knowledge in the students.For example according to Kelly, if the st udents have a question on atopic raised by the text book, the teacher is present ton as the expert to answer the question (Kelly, 2004). Other benefits include good planning and execution of knowledge passing process and good discipline. The disadvantage of this style is that no one can predict which parts of the information the student has learned will eventually become obsolete or incorrect, what the student will forget, or what new information he will need to know in the future (Howard, 1980).Furthermore according to Howard in some cases the students can obtain a false security if they believe that, once information ins dispensed and a cognitive framework provide the student will incorporate the information, recognize where and when it could and should be applied when time comes. One great disadvantages of this method is that a strong investment in the style can lead to rigid, standardized, and less flexible ways of managing students and their concerns (Howard, 1908). This acts a s huge impediment to development and self discovery within the student.This huge impediment has been seen as the greatest drawback for this style of administering knowledge. The benefits and demerits of reform mathematics style According the student center online answers, the best approach of teaching mathematics should stress active, student centered learning in real life context (student center). This may help in making the concepts more understandable and interesting. This therefore calls for the student knowing the crafts before they can apply them and that is where the basic mathematics comes handy. The reform mathematics takes the student centered approach of learning.This involves instructions where by the students actively create knowledge for themselves. It consists of group learning, inquiry, and humanistic learning activities (student center). This method has additional advantages both to the student and the teacher some which are enlisted below. To begin with the student would develop learning and knowledge that will help them throughout their life. In this method students always discover that learning is fun and interesting. Furthermore, through this method teachers always have less traditional work. This is more prominent in the upper class levels where the students are mature enough.The student gets to be more attentive and willing to participate in the class activities. In this way there is a reduction in the number of complaints about fairness and unequal treatment. When student carry out research and group works they generate a lot of information that the teacher may add to his collection of information. However this method also comes with some disadvantages. It poses a problem when it comes to evaluation in that this has to be individualized. Providing one test for the whole class has to be abandoned. Every student has to be evaluated based on his or her goals.One other big disadvantage of this method is that there some student who do not re late well with it in spite the teachers best efforts. Such scenario is always more prevalent in the lower classes levels even though it can also be found in the upper classes. The other demerit is that the students’ always have to work in groups. There occur complaints about being put in teams. However the complaints get to seize as the student get to understand that it is what the real world is like. Under some circumstances student may find it hard to work in teams since most of them have never had the experience of team work. ConclusionIt is important to note for the reformed mathematics, the fact that it takes the student centered learning method gives it an upper hand as method of teaching mathematics. In fact students do appreciate the real world experience eve when they do not like them that much (daymalyn, 2009). This is therefore more appropriate and practical than the basics math which would d lead to rigidity and less development of the kids as well as new advancem ent in the mathematics fields. References Howard S & Robyn M. (1980), Problem Based Learning: An Approach to Medical Education, Springer Publishing Company, ISBN 0826128416, 9780826128416.Daymalyn (2009), Disadvantages and disadvantages of student center learning, Accessed on August 7, 2010, from http://wwwemmalynombayan-daymalyn. blogspot. com/2009/09/advantages-and- disadvantages-of-student. html John A. (1999), Reform Mathematics Vs. The Basics: Understanding the Conflict and Dealing with It Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://mathematicallysane. com/analysis/reformvsbasics. asp Kelly K. (2004), the â€Å"Math Wars†, a Short Analysis, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://www. newfoundations. com/ConAnalysis/KellyMathWars. html Student center, Accessed on August 7, 2010 from http://www. abacon. com/woolfolk7/faq. html

Botanic Gardens Tourist Management Strategies

The â€Å"City Botanic Gardens† is one of the heritages gardens which are located in the Brisbane, Australia. It is bordered by the Alice Street, Brisbane River, Parliament House, George Street and Queensland University (Brisbane.qld.gov.au, 2016). The Gardens display most mature gardens in Brisbane with some rare botanic species. The collection of garden includes rare collection of palms, cycads, bamboo and figs. The site was added to the â€Å"Queensland Heritage Register† on 1997. The site is being described as most significant â€Å"non Aboriginal cultural† landscape in the heart of Queensland. The site is known to have a continuous horticultural heritage which has suffered minimal land loss area or modification in use (Cowell, 2015). The site is considered as a premier â€Å"public heritage park† which is used for recreational facility. The park is prises of three main sections such as Queens Park, Botanic Gardens and former Government domain (Brisban e.qld.gov.au, 2016). The gardens are bordered with mature trees which create avenues as well as grooves. The site provides ample avenues for recreational activities such as lake, gardens, formal lawns and structures (Brisbane.qld.gov.au, 2016). The site successfully displays the evolution pattern of the Queensland history. It also prises of the endangered ponents of the cultural history of Queensland. There are several varieties of plants at Queensland that are ornamental in nature or agricultural which can be traced back to the â€Å"Brisbane Botanic Gardens†. This site is an important ponent in displaying particular class characteristics of particular cultural place (Sutherland, 2014). There are several historic structures in the park such as band pavilion, Walter Hill Drinking Fountain, boundary stone walls, bear pit shelter and cast iron railings (Brisbane.qld.gov.au, 2016). The site also presents aesthetic significance which provides visual amenity and values prising of natural wildlife (Brisbane.qld.gov.au, 2016). There has been strong association of the culture, munity and spiritual ponents with this park. The park is a mon place for several social events as well as popular tourist description. The heritage site has provided with ample cultural solutions to the general public. However, the site faces the issues of urban conservation. There have been inadequate conservation measures towards the natural botanical habitants. This creates challenges for the park authorities. There are issues with the erosion and conservation of the plants. The nutrient levels get degraded that prise of damage due to pet waste, fertilizers and pollution (Miller et al., 2016). There is degradation of the natural land cover. There are issues with the horticulture research that is faced by the heritage park. It doesn’t engage in sufficient scientific research. The park provides limited opportunities for the education of the school as well as college students. There are not enough facilities for the purpose of education regarding the plants and the natural habitats. The garden is prone to the damaging effect of the climate change (Derkzen, Van Teeffelen & Verburg, 2017). The plants need healt hy atmosphere to survive for a long period. The environmental damage is having an adverse effect on the maintenance of the botanic habitats. The botanic garden is facing the issue of water shortage. The increased human demand has reduced the water supply on which the plants are dependant. The botanic garden faces constant challenges of lack of funds which creates difficulty for smooth functioning of the garden. The lack of funds creates problems in the operation of the garden (Moody, 2013). The authorities are unable to perform routine maintenance of the gardens due to limited funds (Derkzen, Van Teeffelen & Verburg, 2017). They are also unable to carry out any beatification project for the garden. This makes the garden unable to attract tourists in large numbers. The garden management is unable to protect the park from overuse which often causes exploitation of the plant life. The non-development of the botanical life is a matter of concern for the garden authorities. This implies that the existing botanical life would not be replaced by newer ones which would decrease the value of the garden (Thorpe, 2014). The non-addition of the plants would lead to stagnant position of the botanical garden. The site also faces the issue of littering and vandalism. There are instances when the garden authority has received plaints of littering. There are instances when the waste material, rubbish, glass, paper, debris and the garbage are spread here and there within the garden authorities. The public often litter on the sidewalks, alleys and the streets of the botanic garden. There are mercial wastes which are always disposed at the garden premises. There are often instances of vandalism which occur at the garden premises. It is often seen that there are ruthless acts of damage to the garden properties which often causes issues for the garden management. The unlawful destruction of the properties of the garden authorities has caused issues in the past. Erosion and conservation of the plants- In Australia, there is significant development in the science and development field which have increased the participation of the farmers in the innovative systems (Uphoff, 2013). Horticulture research- The horticulture science societies have successfully managed to implement a large number of changes in fields such as ecology, botany, genetics, plant physiology, plant breeding and others. Limited opportunities for the education- There are botanic gardens which engage in education of the mon people including the school going students. They impact learning based on the importance of the plants and the global ecosystem at large. The information should be provided on the plant species distribution and plant taxonomy (Anbg.gov.au, 2016). Climate change- The botanic gardens face constant challenges of the climate changes which have major impact on the natural ecosystem. The International Agenda of the Botanic Gardens in conservation has led to clarify the roles of the botanic garden in international market (Anbg.gov.au, 2016). One key role identified in the process is the conservation of plant. Emphasis is also being laid on the providing safety net through the process of living plant collections and seed banks as well as germplasm collections (Anbg.gov.au, 2016). Water shortage- The concerned authorities are engaging in water conservation measures that emphasis on the reduced water consumption. The trees as well as plants are of great cultural value and the survival of the plants is dependent on the water supply. In the Royal Botanic Gardens of Australia, the turf areas are being converted to the â€Å"warm season grasses† such as Kikayu (Rbg.vic.gov.au, 2016). They are more water efficient than others. Lack of funds- The botanic gardens strive to aim for international investors and try to engage in international partnerships in the horticulture sector (Beer, 2016). There should have supplement activities as well as programs which would lead to greater revenue generation. Overuse- The biodiversity should be used to improve the current condition of the botanic gardens and a conscious effort has been made to reduce the exploitation on the plants (Beer, 2016). Non-development of the botanical life- A dedicated effort of garden restoration should be carried out to preserve the native plants and increase the diversity of the plants (Beer, 2016).   It is important to implement changes in the day to day functioning of the botanic garden so that the necessary problems can be solved. The erosion as well as conservation of the plants is of utmost importance which should be given utmost importance. The development of the science would enable the conservation of the plants in the botanic garden. The garden authorities should focus more on the research concerning the horticulture and the related disciplines such as genetics, botany, plant breeding, plant physiology. The authorities should concentrate more on the education opportunities, which would increase the attraction of the botanic garden. The garden should engage in devising strategies which would fight against the increasing climate change. It should also concentrate on the conservation of water and increase the areas which focus on warm season grasses.   The garden authorities should concentrate on the generation of funds through different sources. The private donors as well as the corporate sponsorships should be focused on so that the garden can have smooth functioning. It would also try to make conscious effort towards maintenance of the garden. An increased effort should be undertaken for the development of the botanical life. Both hard and soft approach of management should be taken for improving the current situation. The littering should be strictly penalized and strict supervision should be done that would ensure no person can engage in unlawful activities. This is a hard approach which needs to be implemented. If anyone found doing littering, then strict fine should be imposed on them. The issue of vandalism should be dealt with strict action and if necessary, adequate legal action should be taken. A soft approach may also be taken which would ensure that the garden authorities would ensure that sufficient sign boards are put on the garden which would educate the tourists. The City Botanic Garden is one of the most popular heritage gardens in the Australia. There is great collection of natural botanic collection in Australia. There are several problems with the botanic site which are discussed in detail. There are several issues discussed such as erosion as well as conservation of the plants, issues with horticulture research, limited opportunities for education purposes, climatic variations, water shortages, issues with financing, exploitation of the plant life, littering, vandalism and the non-development of the botanic life. The concluding part of the report has given suitable suggestions to improve the current problems. Australian National Botanic Gardens - Botanical Web Portal. (2016).  Anbg.gov.au. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.anbg.gov.au Beer, D. (2016). The Australian national botanic gardens.  Australian Garden History,  28(1), 24. Brisbane City Council. (2016).  Brisbane.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au Cowell, J. (2015). Brisbane: Our active, healthy city.  Australasian Parks and Leisure,  18(2), 38. Derkzen, M. L., Van Teeffelen, A. J., & Verburg, P. H. (2017). Green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation: How do residents’ views on climate impacts and green infrastructure shape adaptation preferences?.  Landscape and Urban Planning,  157, 106-130. Miller, J. S., Lowry, P. P., Aronson, J., Blackmore, S., Havens, K., & Maschinski, J. (2016). Conserving biodiversity through ecological restoration: the potential contributions of botanical gardens and arboreta.  Candollea,  71(1), 91-98. Moody, E. J. R. (2013). The Implementation of munity Gardens to Address Interconnected Problems Related to Food Deserts in Urban Memphis, Tennessee. Rbg.vic.gov.au (2016).  Home | Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria.  Rbg.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 29 December 2016, from https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au Sutherland, A. (2014). Playful access.  Australasian Leisure Management, (105), 58. Thorpe, D. (2014).  The'one Planet'Life: A Blueprint for Low Impact Development. Routledge. Uphoff, N. (Ed.). (2013).  Agroecological innovations: increasing food production with participatory development. Routledge. End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from